What Is Penetration Testing in Cyber Security?

Penetration testing is a critical component of a modern cyber security strategy, helping businesses identify and fix vulnerabilities before they are exploited. But what is penetration testing in cyber security, and why is it essential for your business?

This guide explains what penetration testing is, how it works, and why our CREST-accredited services are trusted by organisations across the UK.

How penetration testing works and why it matters

Penetration testing - also known as pen testing - is a simulated cyberattack performed by ethical hackers to assess the security of an organisation’s systems. The goal is to identify weaknesses in networks, applications, or infrastructure before malicious actors can exploit them.

If you're asking what is penetration testing in cyber security, think of it as a “friendly hack” designed to uncover and fix weaknesses that could lead to a data breach or service disruption.

Why your business needs penetration testing

Still wondering if pen testing is necessary? Here’s why it matters:

Uncover security vulnerabilities: Find misconfigurations, outdated software, and exploitable weaknesses.
Prevent costly data breaches: Protect your data, reputation, and operations.
Maintain compliance: Meet requirements for GDPR, ISO 27001, PCI DSS, and more.
Strengthen defences: Test your current security controls and identify areas for improvement.

The penetration testing process

Here’s what a typical penetration test involves:

1. Planning and scoping

Define goals, scope, and testing methods in collaboration with your security provider.

2. Intelligence gathering

Collect information about your environment to identify potential targets and attack vectors.

3. Vulnerability scanning

Use automated tools to detect potential weaknesses in your systems and applications.

4. Exploitation

Ethical hackers attempt to exploit the vulnerabilities to determine the extent of access a real attacker could gain.

5. Reporting and remediation

You receive a detailed report outlining risks, severity levels, and clear guidance for resolving each issue.

Types of penetration testing

At Wavenet, we offer tailored penetration testing services, including:

Infrastructure security: Every node on your network presents an attack surface. This test reveals vulnerabilities in your infrastructure before cybercriminals can exploit them.
Mobile and web application security: Safeguard your online-facing assets by identifying weaknesses in mobile and web applications before hackers do.
Red team assessment: Experience a simulated cyberattack using real-world hacking techniques to uncover hidden security gaps.
PCI DSS assessment: Ensure your payment data environment is compliant with PCI DSS standards and protected against breaches.
Stolen device assessment: Assess how much damage a lost or stolen device could cause and prepare accordingly.
Physical security assessment: Identify vulnerabilities in your on-site defences to reduce the risk of physical intrusions.
GDPR assessment: Confirm that your data protection safeguards align with GDPR standards, helping you avoid compliance penalties.